Minna no Nihongo Elementary 1: Lesson 24 vocabulary review
Cover the meaning, recall the word, then read its example. Return to the lesson audio and passage when you cannot explain its use.
Review this lesson
- Read the Japanese and recall its meaning before checking the translation.
- Use the example to check how the word fits a sentence. Explain the distinction in the learning point.
- Open the lesson reader, listen, and note words you still confuse. Revisit them tomorrow.
Lesson vocabulary
自分
oneself
自分の名前を書きます。
I'll write my own name.
Learning point
自分 refers to the relevant person in the sentence, not always I; identify its reference.
自分で
by oneself
自分で料理を作ります。
I cook for myself.
Learning point
自分で emphasizes doing something personally, unlike 自分の for ownership.
母の日
Mother's Day
母の日に花をあげました。
I gave flowers on Mother's Day.
Learning point
This is the holiday name; 母 reads はは here.
引越し
moving house
引越しの準備をしています。
I'm preparing to move house.
Learning point
引越し is a noun; 引っ越す is the verb for moving house.
ほかに
in addition; anything else
ほかに質問はありますか。
Do you have any other questions?
Learning point
ほかに asks about or adds other items, not only a nearby physical place.
連れていきます
take someone along
子どもを公園へ連れていきます。
I'll take my child to the park.
Learning point
Use 連れる for people or animals accompanying you; objects commonly use 持つ.
子どもを連れていきます。
take a child along
子どもを学校へ連れていきます。
I'll take my child to school.
Learning point
Use を for the child and へ or に for the destination.
連れてきます
bring someone along
友達を連れてきました。
I brought a friend along.
Learning point
来る brings someone toward the current viewpoint; taking them away uses いく.
紹介します
introduce
友達に先生を紹介します。
I'll introduce the teacher to my friend.
Learning point
Use を for the person introduced and に for the person receiving the introduction.
先生を紹介します。
introduce a teacher
こちらの先生を紹介します。
Let me introduce this teacher.
Learning point
こちら can politely indicate a person; introduce someone with を紹介する.
案内します
show around; guide
町を案内します。
I'll show someone around the town.
Learning point
案内 guides someone or provides directions and does not require being a professional guide.
学校を案内します。
show someone around a school
留学生に学校を案内しました。
I showed the international student around the school.
Learning point
Use を for the area shown and に for the person guided.
お爺さん
grandfather; elderly man
お爺さんはお元気ですか。
How is your grandfather?
Learning point
This can mean someone else's grandfather or an elderly man; use 祖父 for your own grandfather to outsiders.
お爺ちゃん
grandpa
お爺ちゃんに電話しました。
I called Grandpa.
Learning point
お爺ちゃん is an affectionate form, more familiar than お爺さん.
お婆さん
grandmother; elderly woman
お婆さんはどちらですか。
Where is your grandmother?
Learning point
This can mean someone else's grandmother or an elderly woman; use 祖母 for your own to outsiders.
お婆ちゃん
grandma
お婆ちゃんが料理を作ってくれました。
Grandma cooked for me.
Learning point
This is affectionate; 祖母 refers formally to your own grandmother to outsiders.
準備
preparation
旅行の準備をします。
I'll prepare for the trip.
Learning point
Both 準備をする and 準備する describe preparing.
ホームステイ
homestay
日本でホームステイをしました。
I did a homestay in Japan.
Learning point
ホームステイ means staying with a local household, not ordinary hotel accommodation.
説明します
explain
先生が文法を説明してくれました。
The teacher explained the grammar to me.
Learning point
Use を for what is explained and に for whom it is explained to.
くれます
give to me; give to my side
友達が本をくれました。
My friend gave me a book.
Learning point
くれる views giving toward me or my group and is not freely interchangeable with あげる.
直します
fix; correct
先生が作文を直してくれました。
The teacher corrected my essay for me.
Learning point
直す can repair an object or correct a mistake; the object determines the translation.
人を送ります。
see someone off; give someone a ride
駅まで友達を送ります。
I'll see my friend off at the station.
Learning point
送る with a person can escort, see off, or give a ride, unlike shipping a parcel.
～てもらいます
have someone do … for me
友達に宿題を手伝ってもらいました。
I had a friend help me with my homework.
Learning point
Use に for the helper; the subject is the beneficiary receiving help.
～てくれます
someone does … for me
友達が荷物を持ってくれました。
My friend carried my luggage for me.
Learning point
The subject is the helper, and the action is viewed as benefiting me or my side.
～てあげます
do … for someone
友達に日本語を教えてあげました。
I taught my friend Japanese.
Learning point
This views help from the giver's side; saying it directly to a senior can sound patronizing.
お菓子
snacks; sweets
お菓子を持ってきました。
I brought some snacks.
Learning point
お菓子 can cover sweets or snacks, not only traditional pastries.
全部
all; everything
全部食べました。
I ate everything.
Learning point
全部 specifies the whole amount; 全部で often totals a price or count.
These study examples and learning points support review. They do not replace the textbook; meanings follow the lesson context.