Minna no Nihongo Elementary 1: Lesson 11 vocabulary review

七つ is ななつ, a general object count, not a people count.

Use に for a person's location and います for their presence.

Use います to say someone has children because children are people.

林檎 is りんご and is also commonly written リンゴ or りんご.

いくつ corresponds to general counts such as 一つ and 二つ; it can also ask age in context.

四つ is よっつ; keep the small っ.

Stamps are flat items and are counted with 枚.

枚 counts relatively thin items such as paper, photographs, and clothing.

葉書 is はがき; keep the voiced が.

全部で totals a quantity or price; it does not necessarily mean buying every product.

外国 refers to another country; 外国語 means a foreign language.

人 counts people; 一人 and 二人 have the special readings ひとり and ふたり.

For a count, 何人 is なんにん; asking nationality can use なにじん instead.

みんなで means everyone acting together; みなさん politely addresses a group.

兄弟 can include sisters and need not mean only brothers.

四人 is よにん, not よんにん.

Use 姉 for your own older sister to outsiders; お姉さん addresses her or refers to someone else's.

Use お姉さん for another person's older sister; normally use 姉 for your own to outsiders.

二人 is ふたり; 二人で means two people acting together.

兄 is あに and refers to your own older brother when speaking to outsiders.

お兄さん is おにいさん; keep the long vowel in にい.

一人 is ひとり; 一人で means alone.

週間 measures duration; last week and next week are 先週 and 来週.

回 counts occurrences; 週に三回 combines a period with frequency.

ぐらい gives an approximate quantity or duration, not a deadline.

どのくらい can ask duration, distance, or degree; context determines the answer.

か月 counts a duration in months; 三月 is March, not three months.

Place だけ after what is limited to mean only that amount or item.

Time or money gives the amount spent; から and まで mark the route's endpoints.

A noun plus をお願いします politely orders or requests something.

This is a common conversational greeting; ね invites agreement with the observation.

This can be a neighborly greeting, not necessarily a request for a detailed itinerary.

The rest of the sentence, such as 行きます, is omitted in this casual explanation of where you are going.

Say this to someone leaving who is expected to return; it often replies to 行ってきます.

The departing person says this with the expectation of returning, not as a permanent farewell.

Keep this distinct from オーストリア, Austria; their spellings are similar.

船便 means surface or sea mail; it is generally slower than air mail, with timing dependent on the service.

航空便で marks the shipping method; here it does not name a passenger flight itself.

みかん normally means a mandarin-type citrus, distinct from an オレンジ.

五つ is いつつ, distinct from 五日, いつか.

八つ is やっつ, with a small っ.

The general object count 十 is とお, without つ.

クラス can mean a class group; 教室 usually refers to the classroom.

留学 means studying abroad; 留学生 is the person doing it.

時間 measures duration; 二時 is two o'clock and 二時間 is two hours.

三つ is みっつ, not さんつ.

一つ is ひとつ, a general object count, not the people count 一人.

二つ is ふたつ; two people, 二人, is ふたり.

六つ is むっつ, distinct from 六日, むいか.

台 counts vehicles and machines such as cars or computers, not people.

An envelope is thin and can be counted with 枚; use に for where the letter is inserted.

九つ is ここのつ; its ending differs from 九日, ここのか.

学校 or 会社 plus を休む means be absent from it, not the place where you rest.

会社を休む is absence from work; 休憩する is a short break during work.

サンド is a common abbreviation; keep the small ッ in サンドイッチ.

Staff use this formal response to a customer's request; it is more formal than 分かりました.

カレーライス specifically includes rice; カレー alone can refer to the curry dish.

アイス is a casual abbreviation and can also cover other frozen desserts.

弟 is おとうと; omit さん for your own younger brother when speaking to outsiders.

弟さん refers to someone else's younger brother and, unlike お兄さん, normally has no お.

妹 is いもうと; keep its long vowel.

妹さん politely refers to someone else's younger sister; use 妹 for your own to outsiders.

鹿児島 is かごしま and can name the prefecture or city; context distinguishes them.

両親 refers to father and mother together; one parent is 父 or 母.