Minna no Nihongo Elementary 1: Lesson 21 vocabulary review

The final ルー is long; use います for the animal's presence.

キャプテン is a title such as captain; クック is the person's name.

A plain clause plus と思う gives a judgment; nouns and な adjectives need だ.

Use に or へ for the study-abroad destination; this is not leisure 旅行.

Use と for the quoted content and に for whom it is said to.

多分 expresses an estimate, not a guarantee of certainty.

Use 見る for television news and 聞く for radio news.

A noun plus について marks the topic of discussion or research.

物価 is the general level of prices, not the price of one particular item.

かぐや姫 is a legendary character's name; 姫 means princess.

月 as the moon is つき; as a month suffix it has readings such as がつ.

Expressing an opinion is 意見を言う; agreeing is 意見に賛成する.

無駄にする means waste; 無駄な describes something unnecessary.

An event plus があります means an event takes place, not an object being located somewhere.

The event time can be an adverbial phrase; use で for where it is held.

Say this after time apart, not as a mechanical daily greeting.

でも suggests one casual option among possible choices; it does not mean but here.

でも makes the suggestion less narrowly limited to one drink and gives it a casual tone.

試合 usually names a competitive match; an examination is 試験.

Use に for a match or opponent, as in 試合に勝つ or 相手に勝つ.

負ける loses a contest; losing an object is なくす.

This confirms an expected answer; a forceful tone can make the question sound unnecessary.

最近 covers a recent period, often up to now; it does not mean soon in the future.

ないと omits an ending such as いけない, expressing a need to do something in conversation.

Use 読む for manga on a page; animated images normally use 見る.

本当 is noun-like or adjectival; 本当に is the adverbial form.

うそをつく means tell a lie; うそ！ can also express surprise.

辞める commonly leaves a job; stopping a habit such as smoking is usually やめる or 止める.

Use を for the workplace left; this does not necessarily mean retirement.

きっと expresses confident expectation, not an established fact or promise.

デザイン can mean the resulting design; デザインする is the action.

役に立つ is a set expression meaning be useful, not a literal standing action.

自動車 is relatively formal; 車 is common in conversation. It does not mean bicycle.

アニメ abbreviates アニメーション and differs from printed manga.

交通 can mean traffic or transport; 交通事故 is the compound for a traffic accident.

夢 can mean a sleeping dream or a future aspiration; context distinguishes them.

牧師 is a religious title; here it refers to Martin Luther King Jr.

地球 names the planet Earth, not ordinary land or the ground.

動く can mean move or operate; making something move uses 動かす.

This is the proper name Galileo, not a general katakana noun.

天才 is てんさい and describes a genius or exceptional talent.

This is a foreign proper name; the Japanese katakana and English spelling differ.

Here this refers to Benjamin Franklin, not an ordinary object.

This names Yuri Gagarin; preserve the long vowel in ガー.

The noun is normally 話; 話す is the verb, so keep their forms distinct.

そんなに commonly takes a negative for not that much; affirmative uses can refer to that degree.

すごい is a conversational intensity judgment and can describe impressive positive or negative situations.

本当に is the adverbial form of 本当, emphasizing truth or sincerity.

Use に for what to watch out for; 気をつける is a set expression for taking care.

不便 is the opposite of 便利 and is a な adjective.

放送 can refer to radio or television broadcasting, not only audio.

遊園地 has amusement attractions; an ordinary public park is 公園.

Here this is the Osaka festival name, read てんじんまつり.

吉野山 is よしのやま, a place name in Nara.