Minna no Nihongo Elementary 1: Lesson 17 vocabulary review
Cover the meaning, recall the word, then read its example. Return to the lesson audio and passage when you cannot explain its use.
Review this lesson
- Read the Japanese and recall its meaning before checking the translation.
- Use the example to check how the word fits a sentence. Explain the distinction in the learning point.
- Open the lesson reader, listen, and note words you still confuse. Revisit them tomorrow.
Lesson vocabulary
靴を脱ぎます。
take off shoes
玄関で靴を脱ぎます。
I take off my shoes in the entrance.
Learning point
The て form of 靴を脱ぐ is 脱いで; it is the opposite of putting shoes on with 履く.
危ない
dangerous
ここは危ないです。入らないでください。
This is dangerous. Please do not enter.
Learning point
危ない emphasizes danger, not difficulty, which is 難しい.
大切
important; precious
これは大切な写真です。
This is a precious photograph.
Learning point
大切 is a な adjective; 大切にする means cherish or take care of something.
無くします
lose (something)
財布をなくしました。
I lost my wallet.
Learning point
なくす means lose an item; 財布がない describes the wallet being missing.
覚えます
remember; learn
毎日、新しい言葉を覚えます。
I learn new words every day.
Learning point
覚える puts something into memory; 覚えている describes retaining it.
持って行きます
take along
学校に辞書を持って行きます。
I'll take my dictionary to school.
Learning point
行く takes it away from the current viewpoint; bring it here with 持って来る.
出かけます
go out
午後、買い物に出かけます。
I'll go out shopping this afternoon.
Learning point
出かける emphasizes going out; a noun plus に can state the purpose.
大丈夫
okay; all right
少し疲れましたが、大丈夫です。
I'm a little tired, but I'm all right.
Learning point
大丈夫 can mean all right; in response to an offer it may also decline it, so check context.
心配します
worry
母は私を心配しています。
My mother is worried about me.
Learning point
Use を for whom or what is worried about; 心配しないで asks someone not to worry.
ですから
therefore; so
今日は休みです。ですから、学校へ行きません。
It's a day off today, so I won't go to school.
Learning point
ですから links the preceding reason to the following result in a polite explanation.
払います
pay
店でお金を払います。
I pay at the shop.
Learning point
払う pays an amount or charge; お金を払う means pay money.
お金を払います。
pay money
食事のあとでお金を払いました。
I paid after the meal.
Learning point
Use を for the amount or charge paid; receiving payment uses expressions such as お金をもらう.
～までに
by … (deadline)
金曜日までにレポートを出してください。
Please submit the report by Friday.
Learning point
までに sets a completion deadline; まで describes continuation until a point.
どうしましたか。
what's wrong?
どうしましたか。顔色が悪いですね。
What's wrong? You look pale.
Learning point
This asks what happened or what is wrong, not the general method for doing something.
喉
throat
喉が痛くて、話しにくいです。
My throat hurts, so speaking is difficult.
Learning point
喉が痛い describes a sore throat; 喉が渇く means be thirsty.
痛い
painful; hurt
足が痛いです。
My foot hurts.
Learning point
A body part plus が痛い describes pain; do not add a verb such as 痛みする.
～が痛いです。
… hurts
頭が痛いです。
I have a headache.
Learning point
Mark the affected body part with が; the person can be omitted when clear.
のどが痛いです。
have a sore throat
のどが痛いです。大きい声が出ません。
My throat is sore. I can't speak loudly.
Learning point
This directly describes a symptom without naming a diagnosis or medicine.
熱
fever; heat
熱があります。
I have a fever.
Learning point
熱 commonly means a fever in a health context and heat in a physical context.
熱がある。
have a fever
今日は熱があります。
I have a fever today.
Learning point
熱がある is the set phrase for having a fever, not 熱をする.
風邪
cold (illness)
風邪をひきました。
I caught a cold.
Learning point
Catching a cold is 風邪をひく; the natural phenomenon wind is 風.
二、三日
two or three days
二、三日、会社を休みます。
I'll take two or three days off work.
Learning point
二、三日 is にさんにち, an approximate duration, not the second and third calendar dates.
二、三～
two or three …
二、三週間かかります。
It takes two or three weeks.
Learning point
二、三 plus a counter means roughly two or three, not exactly 2.3.
出張します
go on a business trip
来週、大阪へ出張します。
I'll go on a business trip to Osaka next week.
Learning point
出張 is travel on work duties; leisure travel is 旅行.
薬
medicine
薬を飲みました。
I took the medicine.
Learning point
薬 is medicine; oral medicine takes 飲む, while applying a topical medicine commonly uses 塗る.
飲みます
take (medicine)
食後に薬を飲みます。
I take the medicine after meals.
Learning point
飲む is the language pattern for oral medicine, even tablets; do not use 食べる simply because they are solid.
薬を飲みます。
take medicine
この薬を飲んでいます。
I'm taking this medicine.
Learning point
飲んでいます can describe a continuing medication routine, not necessarily swallowing at this exact moment.
それから
and; also
頭が痛いです。それから、熱もあります。
I have a headache. I also have a fever.
Learning point
それから adds information here and need not specify the order the symptoms began.
お風呂
bath; bathtub
お風呂に入ります。
I'll take a bath.
Learning point
お風呂 can mean the bathtub, bathroom, or bathing activity, depending on context.
入ります
enter; take a bath
夜、お風呂に入ります。
I take a bath at night.
Learning point
Use に for entering or bathing; the て form of 入る is 入って.
お風呂に入ります。
take a bath
寝る前にお風呂に入ります。
I take a bath before bed.
Learning point
Taking a bath is commonly お風呂に入る; showering is シャワーを浴びる.
大事
important; precious
これは大事な書類です。
This is an important document.
Learning point
大事 and 大切 can both mean important; 大事にする means care for something.
お大事に。
take care; get well soon
お大事に。ゆっくり休んでください。
Take care. Please get some rest.
Learning point
Say this to someone ill or injured, not as a farewell for every occasion.
忘れます
forget
傘を忘れました。
I forgot my umbrella.
Learning point
忘れる can forget information or leave something behind; losing an item is なくす.
返します
return (something)
図書館に本を返します。
I'll return the book to the library.
Learning point
返す returns an object; returning yourself uses 帰る or 戻る.
残業します
work overtime
今日は残業しません。
I won't work overtime today.
Learning point
残業する means work beyond regular hours, not merely be busy.
脱ぎます
take off (clothes)
上着を脱いでください。
Please take off your jacket.
Learning point
脱ぐ is the opposite of 着る for clothes and 履く for shoes.
禁煙
no smoking
ここは禁煙です。
This is a non-smoking area.
Learning point
禁煙 can mean a smoking prohibition or a person quitting smoking.
病気
illness; disease
病気で学校を休みました。
I missed school because I was ill.
Learning point
で in 病気で gives the reason; 病気 need not mean a severe disease.
健康保険証
health insurance card
健康保険証を持っています。
I have my health insurance card.
Learning point
This names an insurance credential, not a medical record; actual accepted credentials depend on the local system.
持って来ます
bring along
明日、資料を持って来ます。
I'll bring the materials tomorrow.
Learning point
来る brings it toward the current viewpoint; taking it elsewhere uses 持って行く.
上着
jacket; outer garment
寒いので上着を着ます。
It's cold, so I'll put on a jacket.
Learning point
上着 is an outer upper-body garment, not necessarily a long coat, コート.
下着
underwear
下着を洗います。
I wash my underwear.
Learning point
下着 is the general term for underwear, distinct from 上着.
These study examples and learning points support review. They do not replace the textbook; meanings follow the lesson context.