Minna no Nihongo Elementary 1: Lesson 7 vocabulary review

パソコン abbreviates パーソナルコンピューター and commonly means a personal computer.

花をあげる means give flowers; 花を育てる means grow them.

Use に for the recipient and を for the gift; the sentence views the action from the giver's side.

The giver can take に or から; もらう describes the action from the receiver's perspective.

Use に for the recipient; メール can mean an email message or the communication method.

For a casual short parting, またね or じゃあね is also common; さようなら is not required every time.

年賀状 is specifically a New Year's greeting card, not a birthday or Christmas card.

もう with a past form can mark completion; もう一つ means one more and is a different use.

もう emphasizes that the time has arrived; ね invites shared acknowledgment.

切符 often means a transport ticket; チケット is also common for admission tickets.

まだ with a negative means not yet; with an affirmative it can mean still.

これから means starting from now, not that the action is already in progress.

いらっしゃい welcomes familiar visitors at home; shops commonly use いらっしゃいませ.

This commonly invites someone into a home's raised interior floor area; it does not simply mean go upstairs.

Use this when entering, leaving, or interrupting; 失礼しました often refers to the completed intrusion.

いかがですか is the polite form of どうですか and can ask an opinion or make an offer.

This is a set phrase before eating, not a literal equivalent of “I eat.”

Say this after eating, including when thanking someone who treated you to a meal.

Use で for the tool; スプーンを使う means use a spoon.

素敵 praises something attractive or admirable, including clothes or scenery.

箸 is はし; 橋 also reads はし but means bridge, with pitch differences depending on dialect.

フォーク here is the eating utensil; use で to mark it as the tool.

ナイフを使う emphasizes use; ナイフで切る identifies the cutting tool.

スペイン is the country name; adding 語 makes it the language, Spanish.

荷物 can mean luggage or a parcel; the situation determines which.

Use に for the destination or recipient and を for what is sent.

プレゼントをあげる means give a gift; プレゼントする is also used as a verb.

Count sheets of paper with 枚; use に for the surface you write on.

The て form of 切る is 切って, not 切いて.

鋏 is the kanji spelling of はさみ; everyday labels often use kana.

手で marks use of the hand; 手を洗う means wash one's hands.

携帯 abbreviates 携帯電話; a smartphone is also commonly called スマホ.

In an office-supplies context, パンチ is a hole punch, not a punching action.

セロテープ is a common name for clear adhesive tape; applying it uses 貼る.

とめる here means fasten papers; a stapler is also called ステープラー.

消しゴム is the tool; 消す supplies the action of erasing.

貸す views the action from the lender's side; borrowing is 借りる.

に marks the borrower who receives the money; を marks the money.

教える can teach knowledge or tell information such as an address; use に for the recipient.

学生に marks the learners; 日本語を marks the subject taught.

Use 母 when referring to your own mother to outsiders; address her as お母さん.

Use 父 when referring to your own father to outsiders; address him as お父さん.

Putting on a shirt is シャツを着る; shirts are commonly counted with 枚.

借りる means borrow; 貸す means lend, the opposite direction.

に marks the lender here; から is also possible.

習う often implies instruction or learning a skill; self-study can use 勉強する.

かける has many meanings; with 電話を it means make a phone call.

Use に for whom or where you call; 電話する can express the same action.

お金 is the everyday word for money; 金額 means the amount of money.

Use this for someone else's mother or to address your own; use 母 for your own mother when speaking to outsiders.

Use お父さん for someone else's father; refer to your own as 父 when speaking to outsiders.

Use に for the occasion; クリスマスイブ is Christmas Eve.

Use 送る for sending a card; a New Year's card is 年賀状.